The Renaissance.
*Sofonisba Anguissola (1952/5- 1625)
Self Portrait (1556)
-Known for her self portraits- she was something of a celebrity.
-She received a well-rounded education that included the fine arts and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art.
-Anguissola traveled to Rome, where she was introducted to Michelangelo who immediately recognized her talent, Milan, where she painted the Duke of Alba, Madrid, which was a turning point in her career serving as a court painter and painting many official portraits for the Spanish court, and Palermo, Pisa, and Genoa, where she was the leading portrait painter.
*Artemisia Gentileschi
-"Quintessential painter of the Baroque era" (Heller: 87:29)
-She is credited for brining the style of Caravaggio to Florence.
Judith Slaying Holofernes, 1620
-Popular story in painting. This version shows that Gentileschi had no qualms about painting the scene in its glory detail. It shows the moment of the attack rather than the aftermath like a lot of other depictions of the same scene. You can really see the sword through the flesh and the blood spurting from the neck.
*Elisabetta Sirani
Judith with the Head of Holofernes
-In comparison her version of the same event in history is a lot less gory. It shows the aftermath rather than the actual event.
-Her prolific talent, as well as her reputed beauty and modesty, soon brought her European renown. The details of her training are unclear, but as a woman she would not have had access to an academy and (like many other professional women painters prior to the 20th century) she was probably taught by her father.
The Eighteenth Century
*Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee- Lebrun (1755-1442)
Self Portrait with Daughter
-French born artist. Studied drawing and then established herself as a professional artist.
-Friend of Marie Antoinette (did self portraits)
-Typical of Rococo period fashions. This style seems immovable whether painters were male or female.
Lebrun countess golovine (1797-1800)
-Heller points out that although the Russian aristocrat is not a classic beauty, the artists really emphasises romantic elements.
*Marguerite Gerard (1761-1837)
Motherhood 1805 Marguerite Gerard (1761-1837 French) Oil on Canvas Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, Russia.
-Jean- Jaques Rousseau writes that middle-class mothers should devote themselves to their children, breastfeeding them rather than using a wet nurse or other servants.
-This painting seems to depict a lady doing this- she is there caring for her baby while servants watch on from the sidelines.
The Nineteenth Century
*Emily Mary Osborn (1834-1893)
Nameless and Friendless (1857)
-Victorian genre painting- typical narrative painting. It shows how this unmarried and orphaned woman depends upon the sale of her painting, she is alone and needs the money. she is the central figure, surrounded by characters whole all create humiliation for her in varying ways.
-She was very popular and some of Osborn's paintings were bought by Queen Victoria.
*Lilly Martin Spencer (1822-1902)
We Both Must Fade (1869)
-Uk born/ French parents, lived in the US
-Political household that supported women's suffrage and abolition of slavery
-Self-taught
-icons in the painting= Crease in dress where it has been folded, shows it is new, just taken from storage. Pocket Watch- fascination with the passing of time. Wilted rose- fading of her beauty.
*Lady Elizabeth Butler (1850-1933)
Calling the Roll after an Engagement, Crimea, 1874.
-She stages/re creates scenes from history. Hired people to dress a soldiers and arranged them so she can create the scene for preliminary sketches.
*Mary Cassatt (1844-1926)
-She paints the mother/child relationship extensively.
-American upper class background, but not artistic.
-Friends with Degas
Early Twentieth Century
*Gabriele Munter (1877-1962)
-Partner of Kandinsky and part of his Blue Rider group of German Expressionists.
-Unfortunately their work was condemned by the Nazi's.
*Suzanne Valadon (1865-1938)
Blue Room, 1923
-Daughter of an unmarried laundress
-Circus acrobat and artists model
-Son is Maurice Utrillo
-This painting is an interesting nude. It feel a lot more 'real' than other portraits of women. It looks like a very personal moment, rather than a beautiful idealised figure and scene.
*Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962)
-Russian neo, primitive art
-Rayonism, a cubist based optical system that emphasised rays of light.
*Louise Nevelson (1889-1988)
-American, Russian born artist.
-Prominant in the New York art scene. A character of the time.
*Florine Stettheimer (1871-1944)
Spring Sale at Bendells, 1921
-Her work pokes fun at New York high Society.
- On a side not her sister Carrie Strettheimer made the most amazing dolls house. She spent 5 years working on this one project, showing pure dedication.
* Alice Neel (1900-1984)
-New York artists who suffered personal tragedies. She did many portraits of family members, other artists and neighbours.
Margaret Evans Pregnant, 1978
-Female gaze. A nude who appears to be questioning our gaze.
-Interestingly the image reflected in the mirror behind the figure is a very different style- almost impressionist. The reflection looks harsher and slightly uglier.
*Leonora Carrington (1917-2011)
Self Portrait, 1936-7
-Autobiographical surrealism
-She rebelled against upper class British society, which her family was part of.
-Institutionalised in 1930's but emerged to publish novels, plays and short stories.
*Georgia O'keefe (1887-1986)
Pelvis with Moon, 1943
-Strong theme of motherhood and re-production
Mid Twentieth Century
*Lee Krasner (2908-1984)
-An American artist married to Jackson Pollock
untitled 1949.
-Is from a Russian immigrant family, so grew up rather poor. Had to finance her own way through Art school by waitressing and being an artists model.
-Post Second World War, the American government really pushed for women to go back into the home but Krasner was instead involved in a male dominated art movement.
*Niki de Saint-Phalle (1930-2002)
-'Nana's' are supposed to represent 'every woman'
- Her work is a 1960's pop art style depicting women decorated in a folk-style with exaggerated curves. The curves happened because Niki was inspired by her pregnant friend.
*Audrey Flack (1931-)
Vanitas, 1977
-Photo-realist tradition
-The fruit symbolises death and decay. Fruit always goes off.
The pocket watch is a reference to time and the passing of it.
-Very kitsch (post pop-art)
-Symbolic still life (from the Dutch tradition in the 16th/17th century)
*Annette Messager (1943-)
My Trophies (1987)
-French artist who blurs the distinction between media. She incorporates sculpture, drawing, photography together
-Critical examination of media stereotypes.
*Rachel Whiteread (1963-)
Nameless Library, 2000
- The Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial also known as the Nameless Library stands in Judenplatz in the first district of Vienna. It is the central memorial for the Austrian victims of the Holocaust.
-Rather than being able to see the spines, we can only see the pages. Means the books remain nameless, like a lot of the victims.
*Jenny Saville (1970-)
Plan, 1993
-More fascinated by stories of the body. The body is a landscape to be surveyed.
*Yayoi Kusama (1929-)
-Japanese artist and writer who's art id very abstract.
-Childhood traumas resulted in mental health problems in later life and a lot of her work is about her mental health.
I really like her work so added quite a few images!
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